Why Is Indonesian Culture Often “Claimed” by Malaysia?

LOGIC.co.id – The relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia, despite being close as neighboring countries with shared heritage, is often marked by disputes over cultural claims. These issues frequently spark heated debates, especially when accusations arise that Malaysia is “claiming” original Indonesian culture. Although both nations share a history and cultural roots that overlap, these disputes continue to draw public attention and raise questions: why does this keep happening?

From a historical and geographical perspective, the cultures of both countries indeed have many similarities. However, differing views on the ownership of cultural heritage often lead to controversy. Here are the reasons behind this recurring issue, along with examples of Indonesian cultural elements that have been claimed by Malaysia

1. Historical and Cultural Proximity

Indonesia and Malaysia share a cultural heritage that originates from the same ancestors, the Malay people. In the past, the Nusantara region was not divided by modern borders, allowing traditions, arts, and customs to spread across regions. As a result, many Indonesian cultural practices are also observed by Malaysian communities.

For example, the Javanese shadow puppet performance, wayang kulit, is also performed in Kelantan, Malaysia, with local adaptations. Despite the similarities, the artistic interpretations can vary depending on the region. This historical closeness often creates a gray area in cultural claims, leading to debates about the true origins of these cultural elements.

2. Lack of Documentation and Official Recognition

Indonesia possesses an immense wealth of cultural heritage, but efforts to document and officially register these traditions often lag behind. Unlike Malaysia, which actively registers cultural elements with UNESCO, Indonesia is frequently perceived as slower in securing international recognition, putting its cultural heritage at risk of being overlooked.

For instance, Bali’s Tari Pendet (Pendet Dance) was once used in a Malaysian tourism advertisement. Although it was eventually acknowledged that the dance originated from Indonesia, this case highlights the importance of strategic cultural management.

3. Malaysia’s Tourism Promotion Strategy

Malaysia is well-known for its vigorous tourism promotions, often using the tagline “Malaysia, Truly Asia.” These campaigns frequently showcase cultural elements that Indonesia also claims, such as batik, angklung, or rendang. This has led many Indonesians to feel that their cultural heritage is being “appropriated” and promoted as belonging to another country.

Official Post from X Account, Malaysia Truly Asia (@TourismMalaysia)

Looking for an unforgettable adventure that’s fun, educational, and inspiring? ✨

Head to 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢 𝐂𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐞 in Kota Kinabalu, and immerse yourself in the unique ethnic heritage of Sabah. Step inside traditional longhouses, learn ancient skills,… pic.twitter.com/S2TF0qNo5o

— Malaysia Truly Asia (@TourismMalaysia) November 25, 2024

From a recent post by the X account Malaysia Truly Asia (@TourismMalaysia) discovered by the LOGIC.co.id team, there are striking similarities to authentic Indonesian cultural elements.

Indonesian Cultural Elements Claimed by Malaysia

Here are some examples of cultural elements that have sparked disputes:

1. Batik

Although UNESCO recognized batik as Indonesian cultural heritage in 2009, Malaysia previously claimed batik as part of Malay culture.

2. Reog Ponorogo

This traditional dance from Ponorogo, East Java, was once advertised as Malaysian culture, triggering strong protests from Indonesians.

3. Angklung

This traditional musical instrument was also promoted by Malaysia as part of its cultural heritage. However, UNESCO designated angklung as Indonesian cultural heritage in 2010.

4. Rendang

This iconic dish from the Minangkabau region became a subject of debate, particularly after Malaysia promoted rendang as one of its national dishes.

5. Tari Pendet

This Balinese dance appeared in a Malaysian tourism promotional video in 2009, though Malaysia eventually acknowledged it as Indonesian.

6. Rasa Sayange Song

Rasa Sayange Song (Dok: id.wikipedia.org)

This folk song from Maluku was once used in Malaysia’s tourism campaign, leading to claims that the song was theirs.

7. Wayang Kulit

While closely associated with Javanese culture, wayang kulit is also recognized in parts of Malaysia. However, UNESCO has officially recognized this art form as Indonesian cultural heritage.

How to Resolve This Dispute

1. Documentation and Certification of Culture
   The Indonesian government needs to take a more active role in documenting local cultural elements and registering them with UNESCO or other international organizations to secure official recognition.

2. Improved Education and Promotion
   Education about Indonesia’s rich cultural heritage must be strengthened, both domestically and internationally, to ensure the world knows the origins of these traditions.

3. Bilateral Cooperation
   Instead of engaging in conflict, Indonesia and Malaysia could collaborate to collectively promote Malay culture while respecting and acknowledging its origins.

4. Community Participation
   The public plays a crucial role in preserving culture by supporting its use, such as wearing batik or performing angklung at international events.

Conclusion

Cultural disputes between Indonesia and Malaysia often arise due to historical factors, tourism promotions, and a lack of international recognition. However, with the right steps, Indonesia can preserve and promote its cultural wealth on a global scale. These disputes should serve as a lesson to better appreciate, protect, and sustain the nation’s cultural heritage.

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